Cracking Tutorial - Part 1

version 1.0, 21/9/1999
Copyrights reserved to the TeCh~LoRd of Black Sun Research Facility (blacksun.box.sk)
Converted to HTML by Penguin

Content
  1. Introducion.
  2. Disclaimer.
  3. What is cracking?
  4. Tools.EF="#tools">Tools.
  5. The main steps of cracking.
  6. Basic terms in assembly.
  7. Final conclusion.


1. Introducion:
I have read many cracking tutorials lately.
Frankly speaking, I myself learned cracking from tutorials (and some book, but this doesnt really matter).
The majority of the cracking tutorials out there have a few disadvantages: either they are too long and contain a lot of garbage, or they are too short, and don't contain the basics.

I decided to write a tutorial which will not have those two disadvantaged.

Anyway, I divided the tutorial into 3 parts:
Part 1: Introduction, tools and The basics of cracking.
Part 2: Practical training, using W32Dasm, and HIEW
Part 3: Key-generators.

Welcome to the first part. ;-)

2. Disclaimer:
I created this tutorial for informational purposes only!
Much of the information in this document can be used to perform illegal activities!
Don't attempt to do anything stated in this document!
If you do attempt to do anything, you are solely and fully responsible for what you do!
If you get caught and get in any kind of trouble, it's your own fault!
If you intend to use this information to impress your friends, leave it anion to impress your friends, leave it and grow up!
If you don't agree to this, do not read any more!
If you crack a program, and either sell the crack or offer it for free, it is a crime!

3. What is Cracking?
For me, cracking is:
"Letting a program, which is on your computer behave as you want it to behave and not behave as someone else (the programmer) wants"

As INTERN said:
"Hey, it is your stuff right? your numbers, your bits,
you should be able to do anything you wish to do with it :)"

Actually, I agree to this.

So cracking is modifying your programs, and making them work they way you want them to.
If you can get a free demo program, crack it, and use it.
BUT!!!!
I repeat, if you crack a program, and start selling the cracked version or even offering it for free, it is a crime!

After reading those three tutorials (this is the first one in this series),
you will feel the power you have in your hands (I mean, in your head).

well, let's get started?

4. Tools
There are very few tools you need by now...
It is very easy to find them over the web, cause they are quite popular:
The first one is "Win32 Disassembler", which is also know ans W32Dasm.

The Win32 Disassembler allows you to:
1. Disassemble files - tler allows you to:
1. Disassemble files - translate the program to it's assembly origin, or machine code.
The file types which can be disassambled in Win32 Disassembler:
exe, 386, com, cpl, drv, dll, fon, mpd, ocx, vbx, vbx and sys.
2. Load the program proccess and trace the program.
3. Browse the disassembled file and go to any code location that you want.
4. Find text.
5. Execute, insert or remove jumps and calls.
6. Import and export functions.
7. Show a HEX display of a code area.
8. Show the list of the STRINGS, DIALOGS and REFERENCES.
9. Save the Disassembly source in text format.

Well, u can get it in almost any cracking site, but I'll give you some URLs:

1. http://www.wco.com/~micuan/Zips/wdasm893.zip
2. HTTP://CRACKING.HOME.ML.ORG/
3. http://www.fortunecity.com/bally/waterford/18/w32dsm89.zip
4. http://wowsites.com/meiner/w32dsm89.zip

I think that's about enough.
If any of these links goes down, please alert me (my Email address is sagid@netvision.net.il).
The second tool you need is Hiew, which is also known as Hacker's View.
The Hacker's View Tool allowes you to:
1. Disassemble files.
2. Make changes in the disassembled file, such as:
write commands, modify commands and reassemble the file.
3. View the file in ASCII, Hex or assembly mode.

Here are some URL's as well:

1. ftp://ftp.cs.tu-berlin.de/pub/msdos/mirrors/ftp.elf.stuba.sk/pc/utilprog/hiew584.zip
2. ftp://ftp.bke.hu/pub/mirrors/sac/utilprog/hiew584.zip
3. ftp://ftp.uakom.sk/pub/mirrors/sac/utilprog/hiew584.zip

You can also download an excellent program for cracking called Soft-ICe.
Anyway, we won't need it in this part of the tutorial.
Anyway, here are some URLs for Soft-ICe.

SoftICE for Windows95:
1. http://swlink.net/~lachcik/insaine/si95w320.zip
2. http://www.fortunecity.com/bally/waterford/18/siw95-32.zip
3. http://www.pmk.ac.th/~arnontc/files/siw95-32.zip
4. ftp://toolz.ucl.autograd.ru/Debugger/W95ICE32.ZIP

SoftICE for Windown NT:
1. http://www.pmk.ac.th/~arnontc/files/siwnt-32.zip
2. ftp://ftp.sol.no/users/r/reopsahl/OrcPaks/orcpak9e.zip
3. http://www.fortunecity.com/bally/waterford/18/siwnt-32.zip
4. ftp://toolz.ucl.autograd.ru/Debugger/WNTICE32.ZIP

There's also SoftICE for DOS, which I dont recommend.
1. http://www.pmk.ac.th/~arnontc/files/s-ice280.zip
2. ftp://ftp.ula.ve/pub/msdos/cracking/s-ice280.zip
3. http://202.102.15.149/~person/paulgao/cracks/SICE280.ZIP
4. ftp://ftp.sonic.net/pub/users/fryman/tools/S-ice280.zip
5. http://www.chibacity.com/chiba/files/unpro/prx-pcs3.zip

You can also download the Win 3.1x versions at:
1. ftp://ftp.ula.ve/pub/msdos/cracking/m_wice13.zip
2. http://fishheads.simplenet.com/BriansFiles/m_wice13.zip
3. http://www.magiccarpet.com/~odin/files/other/m_wice13.zip

5. The Main steps of cracking
There are 7 steps in the process of cracking:
1. Run the program you want to crack and learn it's standard behavior.
Try to locate strings and keywords, try to enter the password and see how the program responds.
2. Open up the program with the W32Dasm and disassamble it.
3. Find typical and common strings in the disassembly that appeared in the program.
In most cases, you have to look for keywords such as: password, name, date, expired, time limit, wrong, entered and so on.
4. Find and observe the password generator, find the learn protection routine and the API calls.
5. Try to understand the jumping mechanism of the protection.
6. Open up the program in HIEW.
Change the jump of the flow control to it's oposite jump command, or nop it out.
7. Run and see how the change you have made in the original program affected it.
Feel the power you have, the power of cracking, letting programs behave as you want them to.

Learn those steps very well, until u dream of them, u will use them in every program you crack.

6. Basic terms in Assembly
A. Registers:
Registers are variables which are stored in your processor.
The processor uses these variables for basic mathimatical and logical operations.
The mostly used registers are: eax, ebx, ecx and edx.
Sometimes you will see edi, esi, esp, ebp.

There are three types of registers: 32Bit registers, 16Bit registers and 8Bit registers.
The 32Bit registers start with e, such as eax.
There are 16Bit equivalents of these registers.
The only Difference between the two types is the veriable size.
These registers are: ax, bx, cx, dx, di, si, sp, bp.

There are also 8 bit registers.
Tthe 8Bit registers are: al, ah, bl, bh, cl, ch, dl, dh.
l - means the lower 8 bits of the 16Bit register.
h - means the higher 8 bits of the 16Bit register. Here the l stands for the lower and h for the higher 8 bits of a 16 bit register.

B. Flags
Flags are Boolean variables (get 0 or 1 values).
Flags are used by the processor for internal logical and mathimatical operations, in order to get the result of the operation.
The most important flag is the Zero Flag, which can get zero or non-zero (1) values.

C. Code Flow
When you are analyzing a piece of code, you must understand that the processor is actually quite stupid, and all it does is to simply follow the basic instructions, line by line.
It does anything the code tells it to do, and cannot do anything that is not written in the code (unless it has been run over by a herd of cows and abducted by aliens).
This is why you have to think like the processor when you're analyzing a piece of code, and to act like it (just don't get used to it! Inhale, exhale, inhale, exhale... nevermind, stupid joke) :)
You have to do everything the processor does, you have to compare registers and variables, execute jumps and calls, calculate Basic mathimatical operations, store and load register values and adresses, and so on...
The processor has an instruction pointer especially for this, which is also called IP (it has nothing to do with IP addresses in the Internet Protocol, trust me).
Using the instruction pointer, the processor points to the instruction thathas nothing to do with IP addresses in the Internet Protocol, trust me).
Using the instruction pointer, the processor points to the instruction that is about to be executed.
The processor also has and executes instructions which change the code flow.
These instructions can be function calls, any other routine calls, jumps, conditional jumps, which depend on the zero flag, negative conditional jumps...

7. Final Conclusion
In this part of the tutorial we have learnt the meaning of the word cracking.
Making programs behave as you want them to, and not the way the programmer wants them to.
We have also learnt about the basic and the popular tools of cracking: W32Dasm, Hiew and SoftICE.
And finally we have learnt the 7 main steps of cracking.

Now, Before you go to the next chapter, you have to learn these 7 steps and download the tools mentioned above, because we can't go on to the next chapter unless you have those tools and know the steps.

Cya in the next chapter.

TeCh~LoRd Ch~LoRd